Karl Marx Photos & Quotes

Karl Marx was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist and socialist revolutionary.

Born in Trier, Germany, Marx studied law and philosophy at university. He married Jenny von Westphalen in 1843. Due to his political publications, Marx became stateless and lived in exile with his wife and children in London for decades, where he continued to develop his thought in collaboration with German thinker Friedrich Engels and publish his writings, researching in the reading room of the British Museum. His best-known titles are the 1848 pamphlet, The Communist Manifesto, and the three-volume Das Kapital. His political and philosophical thought had enormous influence on subsequent intellectual, economic and political history and his name has been used as an adjective, a noun and a school of social theory.

Marx's theories about society, economics and politics – collectively understood as Marxism – hold that human societies develop through class struggle. In capitalism, this manifests itself in the conflict between the ruling classes (known as the bourgeoisie) that control the means of production and the working classes (known as the proletariat) that enable these means by selling their labour power in return for wages. Employing a critical approach known as historical materialism, Marx predicted that, like previous socio-economic systems, capitalism produced internal tensions which would lead to its self-destruction and replacement by a new system: socialism. For Marx, class antagonisms under capitalism, owing in part to its instability and crisis-prone nature, would eventuate the working class' development of class consciousness, leading to their conquest of political power and eventually the establishment of a classless, communist society constituted by a free association of producers. Marx actively pressed for its implementation, arguing that the working class should carry out organised revolutionary action to topple capitalism and bring about socio-economic emancipation.

Marx has been described as one of the most influential figures in human history, and his work has been both lauded and criticised. His work in economics laid the basis for much of the current understanding of labour and its relation to capital, and subsequent economic thought. Many intellectuals, labour unions, artists and political parties worldwide have been influenced by Marx's work, with many modifying or adapting his ideas. Marx is typically cited as one of the principal architects of modern social science.

卡尔·马克思是德国哲学家，经济学家，历史学家，社会学家，政治理论家，记者和社会主义革命家。

马克思出生于德国特里尔，在大学学习法律和哲学。他于1843年与Jenny von Westphalen结婚。由于他的政治出版物，马克思成为无国籍人，与他的妻子和孩子一起流亡伦敦数十年，在那里他继续与德国思想家弗里德里希恩格斯合作发展他的思想并发表他的着作，在大英博物馆的阅览室进行研究。他最着名的作品是1848年的小册子“共产党宣言”和三卷“资本论”。他的政治和哲学思想对随后的知识分子，经济和政治历史产生了巨大影响，他的名字被用作形容词，名词和社会理论学派。

马克思关于社会，经济和政治的理论 - 统称为马克思主义 - 认为人类社会是通过阶级斗争发展起来的。在资本主义中，这体现在控制生产资料的统治阶级（称为资产阶级）与工人阶级（称为无产阶级）之间的冲突中，这种冲突通过出售劳动力以换取工资来实现这些手段。马克思采用一种称为历史唯物主义的批判方法，预测与以往的社会经济制度一样，资本主义产生内部紧张局势，导致其自我毁灭，并被一种新的制度取代：社会主义。对于马克思来说，资本主义下的阶级对立，部分是由于其不稳定性和危机易发性，会使工人阶级的阶级意识发展，导致他们征服政治权力，并最终建立一个由无政府组织构成的无阶级共产主义社会。生产者的自由联合。马克思积极推动其实施，认为工人阶级应该采取有组织的革命行动来推翻资本主义，实现社会经济解放。

马克思被描述为人类历史上最具影响力的人物之一，他的作品既受到称赞和批评。他在经济学方面的工作为当前对劳动及其与资本和后来经济思想的关系的大部分理解奠定了基础。全世界许多知识分子，工会，艺术家和政党都受到了马克思的工作的影响，许多人修改或改编了他的思想。马克思通常被认为是现代社会科学的主要建筑师之一。